The International Transport Forum (OECD and FIA Foundation) has published a survey on the impact of car subsidy schemes on meeting environmental and safety objectives through overall fleet renewal. The study focuses on three of the largest schemes put in place since 2008, schemes which primarily targeted private buyers in the USA, France and Germany. In particular, it analyses 2.8 million transactions in which older cars were traded in for new models. Amongst key findings are that in the USA, fuel economy was improved, while in Germany, more small and lighter vehicles were replaced by larger models, reducing the impact in this domain. The French scheme had a higher impact on environmental matters, as it set CO2 limits for new cars. On the other side of the coin, however, this led to an even higher proportion of diesels being bought in France, with a more negative lifetime NOx emissions impact. Where safety is concerned, the survey estimates that around 120 fatalities and 9,000 serious injuries would be avoided across the three countries as a result of these car renewals. In conclusion, the survey points out that it is necessary to take a close look at objectives when setting the parameters for such schemes.